Automobile and car motor.



No. 857,980. PATENTED JUNE 25, 1907.

M. ()AZIN. AUTOMOBILE AND GAR MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 7, 1899.

3 SHBETS- EEEEE 1.

No. 857.980. PATENTED JUNE 25, 1907 M. CAZIN.

AUTOMOBILE AND GAR MOTOR. APPLIGATION FILED JAN. 7, 1899.

s SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Qmi/Mwaaeo ma/n/ AUTOMOBILE AND GAR MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 7, 1899.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

atrozum UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 25, 1907.

Application filed January 7, 1899. Serial No. 701,535.

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, MAX CA'zIN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cavite, Phili pine Islands, as master electrician at the,

nited States Navy Yard at the said place, have invented a new and useful Automobile and Car Motor, of which the following isa specification. i

This invention relates to im rovements in that type of motors wherein c arges of compressed motive fluid are exploded and operate against a moving part or parts for driving the same. So far as I am aware, the only practicable motors of this class are the engines of the reciprocatory iston type, which, because of the necessity oi the changes of direction of movement of the piston and the dead centers occasioned, have many objections well known to those skilled in the art, and therefore, unnecessary to enumerate.

The principal object in the present invention is to overcome the objectionable features of a reciprocatory piston engine by providing a simple motor of the turbine or rotary piston type, said motor consisting of novel, simle and practicable arrangements and combinations of parts that will insure a comparatively high rate of ell iciency with economical use of fuel or motive fluid.

Embodiments of the invention that are at present considered preferable are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in the following specification, but an inspection of the claims hereto appended will indicate that the invention is not limited solely to the structure disclosed.

In said drawings: Figure 1 is a side elevation of a motor. Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view therethrough on an enlarged scale. Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view in a plane substantially at right angles to the axis of rotation of the piston. Fig. 4 is a detail sectional view showing a slight modifiea tion of the structure, and, Fig. 5 is a similar view of another embodiment.

Similar reference numerals designate corresponding parts in all the figures of the drawings.

In the structure illustrated in the first three figures, a suitable casing or'cylinder 6 is em loyed, preferably consisting of sections suita ly secured, as shown at 7. J ournaled in. the casing and extending transversely thereof is a shaft 8, upon which. is keyed or otherwise fastened a rotary iston 9, in the form of a wheel that snugly 'ts within a pis-- pressure.

of wings 11, the free ends of which are spaced from the-faces of the adjacent wings, said wings defining expansion chambers 12, substantially pear-shaped in cross-section, and having contracted mouths 13, which open at the periphery of the piston.

T e portion of. the casing or cylinder 6 which surrounds the periphery of the piston wheel is provided with a lurality of explosion chambers 14, formed partially in each section of the casing, said explosion chambers being also pear-shaped and having contracted mouths, 15, with which the mouths 13 of the expansion chambers aline during the rotation of the piston. Interposed between the periphery of the piston and the casing is a controlling body or ring 16, which ring is rovided with ports 17, that are considerably onger than the widths of the mouths 13 and 15. This ring is capable of an oscillatory movement, and said movement may be accomplished by any means found suitable or convenient. Thus, in Figs. 1 and 2 there is shown an actuating stem 18, secured to said ring and projecting through a slot 19, in one side or section of the cylinder or casing 6. A suitable exhaust pipe 20 extends through the bottom of the casing and has communication with an annular exhaust channel 21, located in said casing. This channel has a plurality of radially disposed branches 22, leading from the piston chamber and arranged to communicate with the expansion chambers 12, through ports 23, formed in the ring 16 in rear of the ports 17. It will be observed that the inner portions of the webs 24, between the ports 17 and 23, are narrower than the widths of the mouths 13 of the expansion chambers.

For the purpose of holding a supply of motive fluid, two reservoirs 25 and 26 are employed, one for containing the combustible fluid, and the other for holding air under These reservoirs are independently connected by pipes 27 and 28, with annular supply pipes 29 and 30, being preferably located within the annular exhaust channel 21, and the pipes 27 and 28, leading from the reservoirs, being partially housed within the exhaust pipe 20. The reservoirs Ioo are supplied from' any suitable source or sources through ports 32. Each of the ex- I plosion chambers 14 has connections with both of the pipes 29 and 30 through pipes 33 and 34, that extend partly through the exhaust channels 22, and have ofiset'portions leading to opposite sides of the ex losion chambers, the air and combustile flui s thus being injected into the explosion chambers in opposition to each other. The discharge ends of the pipes are controlled by suitable inwardly opening check valves 35. In order that the pressure in both reservoirs, and consequently in both sets of pipes, may at all times be equal, suitable equalizing means are employed, the same consisting of a tubular vessel 36, located between the reservoirs and 26, and having connections 37 at its opposit-e ends therewith. A piston 38, preferably in the form of-a; sphere operates in the vessel 36, between the ends thereof and constitutes a movable partition between the fluids.

Any means desired may be employed for exploding the charges in the chambers, but the same preferably consists of a suitable generator, as, for instance, a dynamo 39, which may be driven, as shown in 40, from the motor shaft, said dynamo having leads 41,

' connected to a conductor extending around the iston within the casing and bridging the exp osion chambers. The portions housed within the casing or cylinder and extending across the exhaust branches 22, are preferably insulated, as shown at 42, while the portions extending across the explosion chambers are not insulated and are of small enough transverse section to become incandescent when a current of suitable force flows through the conductor. These portions are shown at 43.

In use, air and suitable combustible fluid are placed under pressure in the reservoirs and will consequently flow through their respective pipes and be discharged into the explosion chambers with equal force, for the reason that the pressure in the reservoirs will remain equal, because of the movable piston sphere 38, as will be apparent. The impacting streams in the explosion chambers will cause a thorough commingling or mixture of the two fluids, which mixture will be exploded by the ignition means. Assuming that the parts are as shown in Fig. 3, it will'be apparent that, when the explosion takes place, the check valves 35 will be closed by the abnormal pressure in the explosion chambers, and that the charge will expand into the chambers 12 of the piston, impacting against the walls thereof and causing the rotation of said piston. As a result, the mouths 13 will be moved out of alinement with the ports 17 and will, in turn, aline with the ports 23, the expansion chambers 12 thus exhausting through the branches 22 into the exhaust channel 21, and thence through the pipe 20. In view of the fact that the inner portions of the webs 24 are narrower than the width of the months 13, if the ring 16 is stationary, for an instant the explosion chambers will be in communication with the exhaust. There is an advantage in this, in that it permits the products of combustion to escape from the explosion chambers as the pressure therein is relieved, and the new charge can thus readily enter and drive out such products of combustion. Before the new charge can escape, however, this communication will be closed by the webs 24, as will be apparent, and the communication can be con-trolled by suitably moving the rin 16 to close to a greater or less degree bet the explosion chamber mouths and the exhaust channels so as to secure the highest degree of efliciency. After the above actions have taken place, the movement of the piston carries the expansion chambers into eoaction with the successive explosion chambers,

where the same operation is repeated.

It will be clear that in this structure there are no dead centers to be overcome, nor changes of direction of movement of the piston, so that the objections of a reciprocatory piston are entirely eliminated. Moreover, the structure is simple and compact and is capable of wide range of use.

From the foregoing it is thought that the construction, operation, and many advantages of the herein described invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art, without further description, and it will be understood that various changes in the size, shape, proportion, and minor details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention. As an example of this, attention is invited to Fig. 4 of the drawings, wherein a slight modification of the structure is shown, the piston being designated 6, while a portion of the cas' is shown at 7 The piston is provided wit an expansion chamber 8, similar in shape to the expansion chambers of the first described embodiment, while the casing or cylinder has an explosion chamber 9, communicating, in this instance, directly with the expansion chamber through a contracted port 10, having an enlarged mouth 11, the shape of which cor responds to the port'17 of the ring 16 of the first described structure. The ring in this particular embodiment is, however, dispensed with. The exhaust channel is shown at 12 and is separated by a web 13*, the width of which at its inner end is narrower than the width of the expansion chamber. Air and combustible fluid inlets to the explosion chamber are shown at 14, and are controlled by check valves 15. The ignition means consists of a partially insulated conductor 16, the portion 17 extending across the explosion chamber being bared and arranged to be made incandescent.

:{Still another form of structure is illus trated in Fig. 5. This form corresponds exactly to that'illustrated in the first three figures and the same reference numerals have been applied thereto, with the exception of the expansion chamber, which is designated 12*. Said expansion chamber is, as illustrated, provided with a flat rear wall 13", in-

, stead of the curved walls shown in the first able piston in the piston chamber having an expansion chamber provided with a contracted mouth that moves into and out of alinement with the explosion chamber on the movement of the piston.

2. In a rotary motor, the combination with relatively rotatable members, one of which has an explosion chamber provided with a contracted mouth that opens against the other, said other having an expansion cham ber provided with a contracted mouth that alines with the mouth of the explosion chamber, of means for introducing a motive fluid charge into the explosion chamber, and means also located in said explosion chamber for exploding such charge.

3. In a rotary motor, the combination with a casing member having a piston chamber and an explosion chamber, the latter being provided with a mouth that communicates with the piston chamber, of means for introducing and exploding motive charges in the explosion chamber, and a rotary piston located in the piston chamber and havin a plurality of expansion chambers provi ed with contracted months that successively move into and out of alinement with the explosion chamber on the rotation of the piston.

4. In a rotary motor, the combination with a casing member havin a plurality of explosion chambers provide with mouths, of a rotary piston member having an expansion chamber provided with a contracted mouth that moves successivelyinto alinement with the mouths of the explosion chambers, and means for delivering motive fluid charges into the explosion chambers and exploding such charges.

5. a In a rotary motor, the combination with relatively rotatable members, one of which is provided with a plurality of spaced explosion chambers having mouths opening against the other member, vsaid other membeer being provided with a plurality of spaced expansion chambers having contracted mouths arranged to aline successively with the mouths of the explosion chambers during the relative movement of the members, means forfeeding motive charges to the explosion chambers, and means for exploding said charges.

6. The combination with a rotary motor comprising relatively rotatable members, one of which is provided with a plurality of spaced explosion chambers having contracted discharge mouths opening against the other member, said other member being provided with a plurality of spaced expansion chambers having contracted mouths arranged to aline successively with the mouths of the explosion chambers during the relative movement of the members, means for feeding air and fuel under pressure to the explosion 'chambers, and means for igniting the charges in said explosion chambers.

7. The combination with a rotary motor comprising a stationary case having a plurality of spaced explosion chambers provided with contracted discharge mouths, of a reservoir for containing air under pressure, a pipe leading from said reservoir and having branches communicating with the explosion chambers, a reservoir for containing fuel 5 under pressure, a pipe leading from said fuel reservoir and having branches communicat ing with the explosion chambers, igniting means located in said explosion chambers, and a rotary piston journaled within the case and having an annular series of expansion chambers provided with contracted mouths that successively aline with the mouths of the explosion chambers during the revolution of the piston.

8. In an explosive motor, the combination with a rotary piston and support therefor, of narrow-necked substantially pear shaped chambers or cavities inclosed therein or attached thereto, which chambers in the support serve as explosion-chambers, and in the piston as expansion-chambers, and which two classes of chambers connected one to the other with their neck-openings, when the wheel is revolving, have their resistance forces mainly in parallel planes, such faces of the expansion chamber or chambers being also mainly in a radial plane of the piston, substantially as set forth.

9. In a rotary motor, the combination with a casing having a piston chamber, of a rotary piston journaled therein, said casing having an explosion chamber and an exhaust passageway, that'extends in the casing about the piston chamber, and means extending longitudinally in the exhaust passageway and communicating with the explosion chamber for introducing explosive charges to the latter. i

10. In a rotary motor, the combination IIS chambers and an exhaust channel that extends in the casing pasta plurality of the explosion chambers, of a piston, charge-feeding means includingconduits extending through the said exhaust channel and having branches connecting with the explosion chambers, and ignition means located in said chambers.

11. I11 a rotary motor, the combination with. a casing having a plurality of spaced explosion chambers and an exhaust channel extending through the casing past the exhaust chambers and having branches located between said explosion chambers, of a rotary piston having expansion chambers that communicate with the explosion chambers and exhaust branches, charge-conducting conduits extending through the exhaust channel and having branches that extend into the branches thereof, said conduit branches communicating with the explosion chambers, and means for igniting the charges in the explosion chambers.

12. In a rotary impulse motor, the combination with a revoluble main part, which contains expansion chambers, of a stable main part, which contains explosion chambers and exhaust-passages and a ring, which ringis provided with apertures that serve two different functions, namely, of connecting ex plosion and expansion chambers with one another, and of connecting expansion chambers with exhaust-channels, the apertures, that connect the two classes of chambers with one another, being longer in a circumferential direction than the mouths of the expansion chambers, whereby, when the wheel is revolving, the communication between the explosion and expansion chambers is prolonged.

13. In a rotary impulse motor, the combination with a rotatable main part, which part contains expansion chambers, of a stable main part, which latter part contains explosion chambers, exhaust channels, feeding channels that lead to the explosion chambers, and conduits for wires conveying electrical current, and a ring, which ring is provided with apertures of two distinct classes and functions, one serving and being in register to connect explosion and expansion chambers with one another, and the other serving and being in register to connect the expansion chambers with the exhaust channels, the apertures, that connectthe two classes of chambers with one another, being longer in a circumferential direction than the mouths of the expansion chambers in the revoluble part, whereby when the latter is revolving, the intercommunication between explosion and expansion chambers is prolonged.

14. In an impulse explosive rotary motor, the combination with a main rotatable part that contains expansion chambers, of a main stable part which contains explosion chambers, the outletting mouths of which are longer in a circumferential direction than the in and outletting mouths of the expansion chambers, whereby when the rotatable part is revolving, the communication between the explosion and the expansion chambers, is prolonged.

r 15. In a motor, the combination with a stationary member, having explosion chambers provided with circumfercntially prolonged ejecting mouths, of a rotary member having expansion chambers provided with receiving months that register with the ej ecting mouths and are of less size than the same.

16. In a motor, the combination with a case having an annular exhaust passage provided with spaced inwardly extending branches, said case being furthermore provided between the branches with explosion chambers, means for feeding charges to and igniting the same in said explosion chambers, a rotary member journaled within the case and having expansion chambers successively alining with the explosion chambers and with the branches of the exhaust passage.

17. In a rotary motor, the combination with a casing having an explosion chamber and an exhaust port, of a web separating the same, and a rotary piston having an expansion chamber provided with a mouth, the 5 width of which is greater than the web and permits communication between the explosion chamber and the exhaust port.

18. In a rotary motor, the combination with a casing, having a circular piston chamher, a plurality of explosion chambers oommunicating therewith, and a plurality of exhaust branches also communicating with the piston chamber, of a piston journaled in the chamber and having a plurality of expansion chambers provided with contracted mouths, and a ring interposed between the piston and easing, said ring being provided with inlet and exhaust ports separated by webs narrower than the mouths of the expansion chambers.

19. In a motor, the combination with a stationary member having a set of explosion chambers provided with mouths, of a rotary member having expansion chambers provided with months that register with the mouths of the explosion chambers, the mouths of one set of said chambers being of less size than those of the other set.

20. In a motor, the combination" with a casing havinga piston chamber and a plurality of spaced explosion chambers, said explosion chambers being provided with mouths communicating with the piston chamber, and said casing furthermore having an exhaust channel extending therethrough around the piston chamber and having branches. communicating with the piston chamber between the explosion chambers, of a rotary piston having expansion chambers co-operating with the mouths of the explosion chambers'and with the branches of the exhaust channel.

21. In a rotary motor, the combination with a casing member, of a rotary piston member located therein, one of said members having an'explosion chamber'disposed at an inclination to the periphery of the piston member and opening at the same, separate reservoirs for air and fuel under pressure, independent conductors for separately conveying air and fuel to the chamber and dis charging the same thereinto against each other, in opposite directions, and means located in the chamberfor exploding the charge therein.

22. In a rotary motor, the combination I Witnesses:

with a casing member, of a rotary piston member located therein, one of said members having an explosion chamber disposed at an inclination to the periphery of the piston member and opening at the same, separate reservoirs for air and fuel under pressure, independent conductors for separately conveying the air and fuel to the rear portion of the chamber and discharging the same in' opposing directions and in intersecting paths, and i nition means located between the said intros chamber. 7 MAX OAZIN.

MINNA E. (JAzIN, F. M. Cum.

ucing means and the open end of the 

